We found that among the forensic pathologists, there was high variability regarding the vocabulary used for the description of wound morphology, which complicated the exact comparison of the two documentations of the same wound. A forest plot analysis of the remaining six items showed no significant difference between the methods. A substantial portion of the direct visual documentation showed only a partial overlap, especially for the items of size and color, thereby prohibiting the statistical comparison of these two items. The results of the gold standard examination showed that the two forensic pathologists had an inter-reader agreement ranging from 69% for the orientation and 11% for the size of the wounds. These results were compared to an examination using standard 2D forensic photography 2D photography using the multicamera system Botscan©, which included predefined viewing positions all around the body and 3D photogrammetric reconstruction based on images visualized both on screen and in a virtual reality (VR) using a head-mounted display (HMD).
As the gold standard, superficial wounds were visually examined by two board-certified forensic pathologists directly on the mannequin. A total of 42 artificial injury stickers were documented in regard to orientation, form, color, size, wound borders, wound corners and suspected mechanism of injury for the injury mechanism. To test the different methods, a mannequin was equipped with several injury stickers, and then the different methods were applied. In our study, we compared the real-life examination of superficial wounds using four different technical documentation and visualization methods. As technologies continue to develop, 2D photography is being enhanced with three-dimensional (3D) documentation technology. The most commonly used method for the documentation and interpretation of superficial wounds is a combination of two modalities: two-dimensional (2D) photography for evidence preservation and real-life examination for wound analysis.
Evidence acquisition, interpretation and preservation are essential parts of forensic case work that make a standardized documentation process fundamental.
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